Detailed accounts of internal sects such as the Mu'tazilah, Khawarij, and Shi'ites.
Examination of Judaism and Christianity.
Its systematic classification of "revealed" vs. "non-revealed" religions influenced later Western academic approaches to religious pluralism. Digital Access and Resources kitab al milal wa al nihal pdf d
Unlike many medieval texts that focused on refutation, al-Shahrastani prioritised descriptive analysis, recording differences in belief without overt bias.
Groups that possess a holy book or claim direct revelation from a deity. This includes: Detailed accounts of internal sects such as the
Groups whose doctrines emerge from human reflection and reason rather than revelation. This includes:
Understanding the Kitab al-Milal wa al-Nihal : A Comprehensive Guide This includes: Groups whose doctrines emerge from human
( The Book of Sects and Creeds ), authored by the renowned 12th-century scholar Muhammad al-Shahrastani (d. 1153 CE), is widely regarded as the first systematic and objective study of religions and philosophies in history. This monumental work is celebrated for its non-polemical approach, aiming to present the beliefs of various groups fairly by using their own original sources and terminology. Core Structure and Methodology